Coinbuf

This is a proof cent and while I understand that it is "beautiful" to you, it is not a deep cameo coin and it looks to have been impaired and has very little value in this condition.   If you still wish to submit the coin to NGC you are certainly welcome and able to do that, but it will not be a very good use of your money.   However, if the coin has some special connection or meaning to you it may be worth it to you to still have the coin graded and encapsulated.   I will say that from your photo it seems very possible that your proof cent could receive a details grade.
Should you still decide to submit use a value of $20, that is well in excess of its actual value but that value is fine for the purposes of filling out the submission form.
Welcome to the forum and best of luck on your coin collecting journey.

Your question is complex, and will be hard to answer.  Every series has its own considerations and nuances in terms of grading.  For instance nickel is a hard metal that typically has striking issues that could look to be wear .  Likewise, sometimes the design itself leads to striking issues.  
Without knowing the coin in question, I can only direct you here:  https://www.pcgs.com/news/what-makes-difficult-coins-to-grade.  This PCGS article has links to helpful videos on grading and some of the nuances on "hard to grade" coins.

I have doubts that you know even that much.

I have doubts that you know even that much.

@murder69 is nothing but a spammer and huckster.  He is promoting his eBay site and trying to sell in nearly every post.  I would beware of this member.

First welcome to the forum, second please be aware that employees of NGC are not allowed to give advice on grades or if something should or should not be submitted for grading and third this is the NGC registry section of the forum where questions are posted that apply to the NGC registry.    There is no way for anyone to tell you anything from a long distance shot of a group of coins like this.   You need to post your question in the newbie section of the forum, provide clear cropped, in focus photos of each side of the coin you have a question about.

...straight grade au58....

Based on the photos, I would say that this 1829 Capped Bust half dollar should grade AU 55 to 58 by today's commercial (NGC or PCGS) grading standards. The coin has some hairlines but probably not enough to be deemed "cleaned". Some pieces of this era that show "rub" are given low mint state grades, but this coin shows definite loss of detail due to wear on Liberty's cap and hair and the eagle's neck and feathers.
   I like the old small ANACS holders and usually how coins were graded in them. They are becoming a collector's item in their own right. If I were you, I wouldn't remove the coin from the holder and resubmit it.

The coin is dated 1916, and no the standards were not that different back then.   Your coin is heavily worn from extensive time in circulation, it is not an error of any type and is not valuable.   Keep it if you like it, here is one of my 1916 dated cents, as you can see coins were made much the same as they are today just a bit more patina from all the years that have past.
 

You really do need to provide photos of the entire coin for us to evaluate it properly.  I think that what your closeup shows is simply the base of the steps at the right side of the building on the current (2006 to date) version of the Jefferson nickel, which is more deeply engraved than the steps themselves.  Here is a closeup of the same area on a 2008-S proof nickel, where you can see the same deeper line at the base:

 

The "transition" had occurred back in 1982. If there were any 95% copper pieces struck at any mint in 1989, I haven't heard it from the numismatic press. Where did you obtain this information?
   Why do you believe that your 1989 cent was struck in the old composition? You don't state its weight, which would be approximately 3.11 grams if it were, as opposed to approximately 2.5 grams for the copper plated zinc composition that it should be.  Even from the uncropped photos provided, the coin exhibits numerous plating blisters, which are indicative of its being a normal copper plated zinc example.

All I know is it weighs 3.1 n it's on a copper planchet

The Philadelphia mint reportedly coined 7,261,535,000 1989 cents, and the Denver mint reportedly coined 5,345,467,111 1989-Ds. Do you intend to "send in" every one that you find in change? You have presented no evidence whatsoever that this coin was struck in any unusual composition.  
   Here is a cropped version of your largest photo, which though still blurry shows nothing remarkable about the date other than possible strike doubling but clearly shows the plating blisters that, even in the absence of an accurate measurement of the coin's weight, indicate that the coin was struck on a copper plated zinc planchet:

   Yes, we are all here to learn something. I've been collecting and studying U.S. coins for nearly 53 years and still have things to learn, but I'm sure that I could teach you a great deal if you were only willing to listen.

1896 Indian cent, ANACS graded MS 64 RB (old small holder):

Will I look at coins a little differently. Most people think the shiner they took the more they are worth. I like them when they have some ware and not in a case or folder. I can hold that coin and just imagine where it's been. 
Looks like they are taking a lot of fun out of it running first strikes and they go straight into a protective covering. Take all the misery out of it.
 

It amazes me how people who clame to know so much about the coin minting process could not even consider that such a failure could happen. 
That die is slamming shut at hundreds of tons of pressure and probably at once a second. You don't think a little peace of metal would not get torn all to peaces? 
I tell you what I dare you to stick your finger in it. I bet it will get stamped more than multiple times before you get it out.
A little peace of copper or other mixed metals would fair no better. It not that it doesn't happen the mints just have good quality control. They will take almost all of them out but they don't get them all.

It's pretty valuable. I pick it up and wonder where it's been. Imagine all the hands it went through before it got to me. 
I think I'm lucky to be about to hold it for a while. 

If it was a die break, it would be raised, not incuse. What you have is just damage and wear.
Suggest you read up on the minting process and what constitutes an error to save   
you the time of posting damaged coins.  
A good place to start is error-ref.com

I'm sorry, but I see heavy damage on this coin. It is possible it was a parking lot find at some point. Nothing in the Mint process would produce a coin that looks like this.

The coin is dated 1916, and no the standards were not that different back then.   Your coin is heavily worn from extensive time in circulation, it is not an error of any type and is not valuable.   Keep it if you like it, here is one of my 1916 dated cents, as you can see coins were made much the same as they are today just a bit more patina from all the years that have past.
 

It is my understanding that acetone should not be used on cooper. Also and unfortunately, my hands are not as steady as I'd like. But this coin is DDO & DDR which makes it worthy for submission. Also, since 2017 I have purchased two uncirculated products from the US mint, and in comparison i suspects my penny is in uncirculated condition.
 
And while reminiscing YouTube grades & eBay postings & sells, I will submit my 1993 Phili for grading.

I'm sorry that you have been mislead biased on some misinformation you read on the web.   Your coin is damaged, most likely a dryer coin, also possibly a damaged coin that someone attempted to spoon.   Google dryer coin and spooned coin to see examples that look like yours, it did not leave the mint like that and it was not coined like that at the US mint.