Classic Head Large Cents

[leeg]

Early copper has always been a favorite of mine. Classic head large cents in particular. These are really hard to find problem free.

 

Walter Breen in his Encyclopedia of Early United States Cents 1793-1814 writes:

" The long-awaited planchets from Boulton arrived before May 9, theoretically 20 long tons or 44,800 pounds should yield 1,866,666 cents. The actual number issued by the time this stock was exhausted in December 1814 was 1,851,330. Part of the discrepancy is attributable to overweight planchets, as in earlier years and part to misstruck cents. No more blanks could be ordered during the War of 1812 because there was an embargo on shipments to or from England.

All obverse dies of this year differ in treatment of the top lock. The two obverse dies with small date as in 1811 (thin center to 8) have narrow dential as formerly. The other two obverse dies have a larger date, as in 1813-14 (thick center stroke to 8), and broad dentils. Reverses continue to show narrow dentils, as formerly, through 1813."

 

I am extremely happy to say that I had the means to finally find a nice problem free example:

 

PCGS VF35, CAC

 

 

This is the Large Date, S-288 variety. The thick center stroke to the 8 and the close spacing of the middle two digits in the date aid in attribution of this Large Date variety, along with the leaf point barely beyond the ES of STATES.

 

I would like to give a shout out to Harry and Kelsey at Harry Laibstain Rare Coins for working with me to make this happen.

 

 

 

 

 

Please post your large cents if you have them.

 

 

[RWB]

Nice coin and interesting commentary. were misstruck cents melted and rolled out for additional blanks?

[disme]

Nice coin and interesting commentary. were misstruck cents melted and rolled out for additional blanks?

In this case, no. The misstruck pieces were used as alloy in the precious metal coinage.

[No+4Me]

beautiful example, Lee. Congrats!

[TonerGuy]

Thats a beautiful coin. Very nice. I dont know grading of these coins but it seems to be undergraded to my untrained eye.

[rrantique]

beautiful example, Lee. Congrats!

(thumbs u

 

[leeg]

Thanks all for the kind words.

 

It does looks nicer than 35.

[No+4Me]

I think I remember reading that until the mint could get decent stock from Boulton in England much of the copper used to strike the classic heads came from copper bands used to put around barrels which yielded grainy coins with all sorts of flaws, like this one: (Note: my memory is faulty about the planchet stock, see Leeg's next post)

 

 

 

 

 

[leeg]

Kaz here is what NGC Coin Explorer has to say about this series:

 

"Mention the word “classic” and people think of works that are beautiful and enduring—Greek and Roman statues, Shakespearean sonnets, even luxury cars from a bygone era. The so-called “Classic Head” large cent produced by the United States Mint in the early 1800s is old enough to be thought of in that context, but it’s not exactly “classic” in terms of beauty. On the contrary, its portraiture is plain—some might even say homely. And yet, while it may be misnamed, it is viewed with great affection by many collectors.

 

The large, copper cents issued by the Mint during the nation’s formative years underwent frequent changes in design. Four major changes occurred before cent coinage was even five years old, and lesser variations took place with regularity within these basic types. A semblance of stability seemed to have been established when the Draped Bust design introduced in 1796 not only lasted through the turn of the new century but actually completed 10 full years of production. But in 1806, a new director, Robert Patterson, took command at the Mint, and that signaled yet another shake-up for the coinage—including the cent.

 

The U. S. coins being issued at that time all bore designs by the Mint’s chief engraver, Robert Scot: The silver and minor coins carried Draped Bust portraits of Miss Liberty, while Capped Bust likenesses appeared on the gold coins. Mint Director Patterson clearly wasn’t impressed, for in 1807 he commissioned new designs for each and every one of these coins.

 

The handwriting was on the wall for Scot (and in the mail) when Patterson wrote to President Thomas Jefferson in March of 1807 suggesting that Scot’s “advancing age” (he was then 62) made his “good health” doubtful. On that basis, he sought authorization to hire John Reich, a talented young engraver, to serve as Scot’s assistant and redesign the coinage, arguing that “the beauty of our coins would be greatly improved by the assistance of his masterly hand.” Jefferson acceded, and on April 1 of that year, Patterson promoted Reich, then an unsung die-sinker at the Mint, to the post of second engraver.

 

Reich has gained a wide following among collectors in the nearly two centuries since then. An organization of numismatists enamored of coins of the era bears his name. But his monetary reward was minimal at the time: He earned only $600 a year—not much more than the wages being paid to common laborers. Then again, the ill-used artist had little leverage: Escaping the Napoleonic Wars, he had come to the United States from his native Germany as an indentured servant.

 

Reich’s assignment from Patterson was all-inclusive: He revamped every coin from the half cent through the half eagle, the lowest and highest denominations then being produced. His obverse design for the cent (and half cent) was a left-facing portrait of Liberty with curly hair, tied with a headband inscribed LIBERTY. Miss Liberty is surrounded by 13 stars, seven to the left and six to the right, with the date below her. The coin’s reverse carries the statement of value, ONE CENT, within a continuous wreath. This, in turn, is encircled by the inscription UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

 

Reich’s depiction of Liberty has often been referred to as the “Turban Head” portrait, a name it was given by 19th-century coin dealer Edouard Frossard. Either Frossard or collectors interpreting his remarks are confused: Liberty wears no hat of any type on the copper coins, sporting only a headband. Perhaps Frossard was referring to the cap or turban appearing on the gold and silver coins. The late Walter Breen, a renowned numismatic scholar, tartly observed, Frossard “probably had never seen a real turban.”

 

The term “Classic Head” is credited to Ebenezer Locke Mason Jr., who proposed it in his hobby periodical, Mason’s Coin and Stamp Collector’s Magazine, in 1868. The “classical” connection is the fillet, or narrow headband, a device which dates back to ancient Greece. But the parallelism is flawed, for only young male athletes wore fillets in ancient times: They were prizes awarded to winners of local sporting competitions.

 

Production of the new design began in 1808, with just over one million pieces struck. A cent shortage developed the following year, however, when the Mint ran out of planchets. Official records state that 222,867 cents were made in 1809, but research has uncovered that nearly 50,000 cents minted in June of 1809 may have been struck with leftover 1808 dies. Production returned to normal in 1810; in fact, that year’s output of 1,458,500 was the highpoint for the series. But a roller-coaster ride began in 1811 when mintage fell to 218,025, the series’ low point, rising sharply in 1812, then dropping again appreciably in 1813. After a final low-mintage year in 1814, the abbreviated series came to an end.

 

Short of planchets again in 1815, the Mint made no cents with that date—the only year missing from U.S. cent coinage from 1793 to the present. In 1816, when production resumed, the cent bore Robert Scot’s new and undistinguished “Matron Head” design.

 

Combined total mintage for the series’ seven dates is just 4,757,722—all from the Philadelphia Mint. There are no great rarities in the series, but no “common dates” either. The scarcest date is 1809, usually seen darkly colored and porous, a condition familiar to much of the series. Classic Head cents are widely collected by date; dedicated hobbyists often include the overdates and other varieties in their sets, as well. Type collectors pursue the more commonly found 1814 coins, with their generally sharper strikes and occasional touches of mint red. The Mint made no proofs, but some partially mint-red and prooflike examples of 1810 are known, discovered in a tiny hoard in the 1930s. Points to check for wear include the hair above Liberty’s eye and the leaves next to the O in ONE and the T in CENT.

 

Classic Head cents are relatively scarce in every collectible grade, but exceptionally so in mint condition. This is partly due to the unusual softness of the inferior quality planchets received from the British firm of Boulton and Watt, but also due to supply and demand: the large number of collectors pursuing the early coppers has always limited the number of choice pieces available for sale. Unfortunately, there have been no hoards discovered of any consequence. The numismatic fraternity is limited to the small number of high-grade specimens that very infrequently return to the fold from one of their own.

 

Collectors with more than a casual interest in this series would be well advised to delve into the large wealth of information available on these and other early large cents, most notably Penny Whimsy, the updated version of Dr. William H. Sheldon’s definitive work on the large coppers, Early American Cents. Sheldon’s variety and Condition Census numbering system is the standard among large cent aficionados, many of who claim membership in the Early American Coppers Club (EAC)."

 

Good stuff.

 

(thumbs u

 

 

 

[No+4Me]

Thanks for clearing that up, Lee. I edited my post so as not to become a source of misinformation. fascinating reading.

[Keigwin]

Who doesn't love early coper?

 

Here are some types from my Dansco. Flowing hair, draped bust, classic head, coronet head, and braided hair.

Lance.

 

[jwc]

nice coins!

[jpcienkus]

Nice looking coppers Lance. I love that 1817 the most. That's not to say I don't like the others. It's all relative.

[leeg]

Very nice group Lance.

 

(thumbs u

[rrantique]

Very nice group Lance.

 

(thumbs u

(thumbs u